Penetration Testing

The penetration testing process

1. Reconnaissance: Collection of publicly available information about the target company
   
   
2. Scanning: Identification of active systems, open ports and running services
   
   
3. Gaining access: Attempt to penetrate the target systems
   
   
4. Privilege escalation: Test how far an attacker could penetrate after initial access
   
   
5. Maintaining access: evaluating the ability to remain undetected
   
   
6. Covering tracks: Review of logging and monitoring mechanisms
   
   
7. Analysis and reporting: preparation of a detailed report with findings and recommendations
   
   

Types of penetration test

1. Black box testing: simulation of an external attacker without insider knowledge
   
   
2. White box testing: Comprehensive testing with full access to system information
   
   
3. Gray box testing: Balanced approach with limited prior information
   
   

External vs. internal penetration testing

External tests focus on externally accessible systems such as firewalls, web servers and VPNs. Internal tests simulate threats within the network, whether from compromised devices or insider threats.

Penetration testing vs vulnerability scanning

While vulnerability scanning automatically searches for known vulnerabilities, penetration testing goes one step further. It combines automated tools with human expertise to identify complex attack vectors and context-specific vulnerabilities that automated scans often miss.

Common penetration testing findings

1. Outdated software: unpatched systems as primary attack vectors
   
   
2. Weak authentication: Inadequate password policies and lack of multi-factor authentication
   
   
3. Misconfigurations: Security vulnerabilities due to misconfigured systems and network devices
   
   
4. Lack of security awareness training: employees as a potential weak point in the security chain

Penetration testing as a continuous process

Cybersecurity is not a static state, but an ongoing process. Regular penetration tests are essential to keep pace with the constantly evolving threat landscape. They should be carried out at least annually, but ideally after every major system change or expansion.

The importance of professional penetration testers

Effective penetration testing requires more than just technical know-how. It requires a deep understanding of attack methods, business processes and risk analysis. Professional penetration testers have:

• Comprehensive certifications (e.g. OSCP, CEH, GPEN)
  
  
• Many years of experience in cyber security
  
  
• Continuous training in the latest attack techniques
  
  
• Ethical understanding and discretion in handling sensitive data

Legal and ethical aspects

Penetration testing operates within a sensitive legal and ethical framework. It is crucial that:

• Clear contractual agreements are reached
• The scope of the test is precisely defined
• Data protection guidelines are strictly adhered to
• Results to be treated confidentially

Conclusion: Penetration testing as the key to robust cyber security

At a time when cyberattacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated and frequent, penetration testing is not just an option, but a necessity. It offers companies the opportunity to proactively strengthen their defences, minimize risks and strengthen the trust of their stakeholders.

By combining technical expertise, realistic attack simulations and detailed recommendations for action, penetration testing enables a holistic improvement of your cyber security. It is an investment in the future viability and resilience of your company in the digital world.

Make penetration testing an integral part of your security strategy. Because only those who know their vulnerabilities can protect them effectively.